TLDR
Ethereum (ETH) network throughput is up sharply, driven mainly by Layer 2 rollups, with ecosystem TPS hitting new records and L2s contributing ~95% of activity per recent reports (record TPS update).
- Ecosystem throughput set a new high, including a peak near 24,000 TPS, largely attributed to L2 activity like Lighter (throughput note).
- The upcoming Fusaka upgrade raises L1 gas limit by 33%, lifting base capacity toward ~30 TPS and improving data throughput via PeerDAS (upgrade details).
- Blob fee mechanics and planned blob-target increases should make data posting more responsive and expand L2 throughput further (blob policy and targets).
Deep Dive
1. Ecosystem Records
Ecosystem TPS recently reached record levels, with a 7?day average daily TPS near 365 and a peak around 24,192, with ~95% of activity on L2s. That concentration reflects rollups doing most transaction execution, posting compressed data to Ethereum for security (record TPS update).
L2 throughput bursts have been linked to specific apps like the Perp DEX Lighter, illustrating how activity spikes on rollups can move aggregate TPS even when L1 capacity remains relatively stable (throughput note).
Ecosystem infrastructure is reacting to higher speeds and volumes. Etherscan tightened free API access citing increased block speeds, TPS, and volume, a practical symptom of rising throughput demands across EVM networks (explorer policy change).
Most throughput gains today come from L2s. If you care about transaction speed and cost, watching rollup performance and fees can be more actionable than L1 alone.
2. Fusaka Upgrade (Near Term)
Fusaka (December, pending rollout) lifts the L1 gas limit from 45M to 60M, increasing base L1 capacity by ~33% (toward ~30 TPS), and introduces PeerDAS, which samples erasure?encoded blob data so nodes dont have to download everything. That raises data availability throughput and supports much higher L2 TPS over time (upgrade details).
PeerDAS plus L2 batching is designed to scale data throughput without sacrificing decentralization, making the data layer more elastic while keeping validators requirements manageable (upgrade details).
Expect modest L1 capacity lift soon and larger effective throughput gains via better data availability for L2s, not a sudden L1 TPS explosion.
3. Blobs, Fees, and Targets
Blobs (from the Dencun era) are being tuned. EIP?7918 sets a minimum blob fee floor at 1/16 of gas price to improve price discovery and avoid ultra?low blob fees that distort posting behavior. Blob targets will increase gradually via BPO forks (first to 10 blobs with a max of 15), then higher, expanding data bandwidth for rollups (blob policy and targets).
These changes make L2 data posting more responsive and scalable, which translates into higher practical TPS at the rollup layer without requiring risky, immediate jumps in parameters (blob policy and targets).
More blobs plus better fee dynamics should boost L2 throughput sustainably, with upgrades staged to manage risk.
Conclusion
Throughput changed primarily because L2s are scaling faster and are increasingly the locus of execution, while Ethereums near?term L1 upgrades improve data capacity and efficiency. The causal link is clear: staged protocol changes (gas limit, PeerDAS, blob targets) enable rollups to process more transactions, so ecosystem TPS climbs even if L1 TPS rises only modestly.
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