What changed after ETH Fusaka?

TLDR

Ethereum (ETH) completed the Fusaka upgrade, a capacity and UX-focused hard fork that changes how data is handled, raises limits, and sets staged increases for rollup throughput activation details.

1. PeerDAS lets validators sample data instead of downloading full blobs, enabling materially higher rollup throughput and lower bandwidth needs PeerDAS overview.
2. Core limits were raised and UX features landed, including a 60M L1 gas limit and secp256r1 support for passkey-style authentication official thread.
3. L2 fees are expected to fall over time (often cited as 4060% depending on traffic), with staged blob-capacity increases planned fee guidance.

Deep Dive

1. PeerDAS and Blob Capacity

PeerDAS changes data availability by allowing validators to verify sampled slices rather than full blobs.

1. The change cuts validator bandwidth and speeds L2 settlement, which should translate to cheaper, steadier blob fees as throughput rises PeerDAS overview.
2. Developers plan staged blob increases via Blob Parameter Only upgrades so capacity rises safely, starting mid December and into January (targets outlined in the thread above) official thread.
3. Community reporting describes roughly 8x potential blob throughput for rollups under the new design, reflecting the effect of sampling on network-wide capacity throughput note.

2. Higher L1 Headroom and New Primitives

Fusaka raises baseline limits and adds primitives that improve developer and user experience.

1. The default L1 gas limit moved to 60M, increasing transaction headroom for busy periods and complex operations activation details.
2. secp256r1 (R1 curve) support enables passkey-style signatures compatible with phone secure elements and WebAuthn, paving the way for simpler, biometric-like wallet logins (see the thread above) official thread.
3. Additional EVM and networking refinements (for example CLZ opcode, proposer lookahead for preconfirmations) aim to lower latency and make contracts cheaper and smaller (summarized in the thread above) official thread.

3. Fee and Burn Dynamics Over Time

The near-term effect is about capacity and reliability, with economic impacts likely to compound as usage grows.

1. Multiple outlets forecast meaningful L2 fee reductions as blob supply increases and sampling cuts bandwidth needs; estimates cluster around 4060% depending on traffic fee guidance.
2. Some analysts argue a stronger blob fee market could revive ETHs deflationary pressure as L2 usage scales (burn and fee dynamics are still contingent on demand) market note.
3. Improvements will phase in. Developers emphasize gradual increases and monitoring, with full benefits arriving as parameters step up and apps integrate new features activation details.

Risk note: Capacity gains rely on safe parameter hikes and broad client adoption. If demand spikes faster than tuning, fees can still be noisy in the short run.

Conclusion

Fusaka changed Ethereums data plumbing and headroom so rollups can scale with lower validator burden, while adding UX-focused cryptography and latency features. The immediate headline is resilience and capacity; the practical impact is a glide path to lower L2 fees and faster, smoother apps as blob targets rise and wallets adopt passkeys.